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Holy and Right-Believing Queen Tamara of Georgia (May 1)

An icon of St. Tamara of Georgia.

The Holy and Right-believing Queen of Queens, Tamara, reigned over Georgia during its Golden Age and shone forth in the firmament of the Church as a model of piety, justice, and apostolic zeal.

Born around the year 1160 to King George III and his pious consort Burdukhan, Tamara was a descendant of the royal Bagrationi house—blood-descendants of the Prophet-King David. In the year 1184, she ascended the throne of her fathers. From the outset of her reign, she manifested the wisdom of Solomon and the humility of the saints. She convened a great ecclesiastical council to uproot the tares of canonical irregularity, addressing the gathered hierarchs with the words: “Investigate all things well… Begin with me, for this royal dignity is for service, and not for warring against God.”

The Holy Tamara’s life was marked by great personal trials. Against her personal wishes, she was persuaded to marry Yuri, a prince of the Rus’, who proved to be of a dissolute and savage nature. For two and a half years, the Queen endured his wickedness with the patience of a martyr, seeking his repentance through the counsel of holy monks. When his impenitence defiled the sanctity of the marriage bed, she separated from him, later entering into a blessed and fruitful union with the valiant David Soslan, a prince of the Ossetians, with whom she had two children, George and Rusudan.

As a sovereign, Tamara was called a second Constantine. She abolished the death penalty and the practice of mutilation throughout her realm, ruling not by the sword of terror but by the law of mercy. Her heart was a sanctuary for the poor; she tithed the entire revenue of the kingdom to the destitute and, despite her royal estate, laboured with her own hands to embroider garments for the clergy and the needy. Her reach extended far beyond the borders of Georgia, as she provided generous endowments to the monasteries of Mount Athos, Jerusalem, Mount Sinai, and the Black Mountain.

In times of war, the Holy Queen did not rely on the multitude of her hosts but on the power of the Precious and Life-giving Cross. During the great invasion by the Sultan Nukardin, who blasphemously challenged the Orthodox Christian Faith, Tamara led her armies to the Church of the Mother of God at Metekhi. There, having removed her royal shoes, she prayed barefoot and with torrents of tears while her troops marched to the Battle of Basiani. Through their piety and faith in Mother of God and the Life-Giving Cross, the small Georgian forces achieved a decisive and miraculous victory over the vast Muslim hordes—which consisted of 800,000 infantrymen, and 100,000 horsemen.

Having governed her people for twenty-nine years with apostolic grace, the Holy Tamara fell ill at the castle of Agarani. In her final moments, she commended her kingdom and her soul to Christ, the Eternal King, and peacefully fell asleep in the Lord on the 18th of January, 1213. Her holy relics were translated to the monastery of Gelati, the burial place of her royal ancestors.

Troparion, Tone 4

O wondrous among the Saints, right-believing Queen Tamara, thou who upon high rocks didst build up sanctuaries for prayer unto God; by thy prayers thou didst strengthen the armies of the Christ-loving Georgian nation, and by thy right hand didst cast down the hosts of the Hagarenes. Through her intercessions, O Christ God, save our souls.

Kontakion, Tone Plagal 4 (Tone 8)

Casting off womanly weakness by the valour of thy spirit, and surpassing all kings and sages, thou didst govern thy kingdom well. Thou didst manifest thyself as a pillar of piety and a protectress of the Church, O holy, right-believing Queen Tamara. Now thou dost rejoice with the heavenly powers, protecting those who honour thy memory.

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St. Panaretos of Paphos (May 1)

An Icon of St Panaretos of Paphos.

Having drawn all virtue to himself,
Panaretos confirms his name by his deeds.

Saint Panaretos was born at the beginning of the eighteenth century, most probably in Peristeronopigi of Famagusta, where he also became a monk in the local Monastery of Saint Anastasius. We know that in the year 1764 he was the abbot of the Monastery of the Panagia in Pallouriotissa. He ascended the throne of Paphos in 1767 and served as its Hierarch until 1790, when he fell asleep in the Lord.

He lived during those difficult years of the Turkish occupation, a time when fear overshadowed all things and the yoke of slavery weighed heavily. Despite the lack of schools and free education at the time, he was able to acquire a broad education through his own personal efforts and by attending schools maintained by the monasteries. He possessed a broad intellect, which he combined with a strict ascetic life that he diligently concealed. He lived frugally and without luxury, like the poorest Cypriot of his time. He kept vigil for many hours in prayer. He went to confession with humility and celebrated the divine services with sacred dignity. Knowing full well that a man’s greatest victory is to conquer himself—namely, his passions and weaknesses—and in order to remember that the people entrusted to him by God were heavily chained in Turkish slavery, he wore upon his body a brass and an iron chain. By sanctifying himself through the Grace of God, he offered the greatest help to his flock.

As a Metropolitan, he so loved his people that he attended to the problems of all with exceptional care. He utilised both spiritual and material goods in an Orthodox manner, with balance, to the glory of God. He guided the people towards theosis; he celebrated the liturgy, pastored, taught, laboured, and created.

He had a special devotion to Saint Philip (commemorated on the 14th of November) and commissioned a silver reliquary for the Saint’s skull, which is found today in Omodos. At his own expense, an icon of the Apostle Philip was painted. He undertook the expenses for the erection of the church of the Monastery of Saint Anastasius in Peristeronopigi and the painting of the icons for its iconostasis. He renovated the churches in Nikokleia, Drousia, Drymou, Arodes, Theletra, Philousa Kelokedaron, and many other villages. He also renovated the monasteries of Chrysorrogiatissa (1770), the Holy Cross in Omodos, and the Holy Cross in Minthi.

Panaretos of Paphos fully undertook the costs for the publication of the work by the Athenian philosopher Theophilos Korydalleus, “On Generation and Corruption According to Aristotle” (1780). He also assisted financially in the publication of the book by Archimandrite Kyprianos, “A Chronological History of Cyprus” (1788). He was a friend of the Archbishop of Cyprus, Philotheos, who was a highly educated man. He participated in the writing and publication of synodal encyclicals during the tenure of Archbishop Chrysanthos. Owing to his efforts in 1774, local rulers were denounced to the Sultan for maladministration, and in 1783–1784 he travelled with the other Metropolitans to Constantinople, where they succeeded in having the tyrant Hadjibakkis dismissed by the Sultan.

He worked miracles while still in this life. His synaxarion records that he rebuked a priest—who was telling lies and swearing that he had not embezzled money—commanding him to be silent, and the man immediately became mute. Having fallen ill shortly before his death, the priest sent a letter, and his bishop went to him. After the priest repented and asked for forgiveness, his tongue was loosed.

The holy hierarch departed unto the Lord in 1790. Such was the virtue of the saint that he foresaw his death and dug his own grave in the place where the sanctuary of the Cathedral of Saint Theodore in Paphos is located today. He also foresaw that the former Bishop of Karpathos, Parthenios, had arrived at the port of Paphos; he sent for him and offered him hospitality. Parthenios then served his funeral on the very next day. He even became a witness to the healing of a poor paralytic, who had the bishop as his protector, at the very moment they were bringing the relics out from the Metropolis.

The saint had given instructions that he be buried in the garments he was wearing. However, out of love for his spiritual father, his protosyngellos disobeyed him for the first time, and it was then that the chains were discovered, which in certain places had embedded themselves into his flesh. The people of God recognised his holiness immediately after his death, and his official inclusion in the holy calendar of the Church of Cyprus took place during the days of the Cypriot Patriarch of Constantinople, Gerasimos III (1794–1797).

Apolytikion (Troparion), Tone Plagal 1 (5)

Let us praise and glorify the shepherd of Paphos, who lived ascetically in the city as on a mountain, and wisely acquired all the divine virtues as one. Wherefore, as Panaretos, he was shown by God to be wondrous unto the world; and as a God-inspired Hierarch, he fervently intercedeth with God on behalf of all.

Kontakion, Tone 2

Having thy mind illumined by the radiance of the Spirit, O most sacred one, thou wast revealed as a shepherd proven in deed. For through Him thou hast received the divine grace of wonders, and in very deed thou didst become Panaretos, receiving thy name from thy works.

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Venerable Paphnutius of Borovsk (May 1)

Icon depicting events from the life of St. Paphnutius of Borovsk.

The Venerable Paphnutius of Borovsk, known in the world as Parthenius, lived during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. His father was named John. At the age of twenty, Parthenius fled his father’s house in secret and took refuge in a monastery. In the year 1414, he was tonsured a monk in the Monastery of the Protection at Vysotsky in the town of Borovsk, and he was named Paphnutius. Upon the death of the monastery’s abbot, the venerable one was elected to the position. In 1426, he was ordained a priest by Photius, Metropolitan of Kiev. At the age of fifty-one, the venerable one fell gravely ill and retired as abbot, having received the great angelic schema.

Following his recovery, on the feast of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victory-bearer, the 23rd of April in the year 1444, he departed from the monastery and fled to the banks of the Protva River for asceticism and stillness. Before long, other monks followed him, and thus a new monastery was established. The venerable one’s primary concern was the building of a new stone church dedicated to the Nativity of the Theotokos.

The venerable one was an example of simplicity and self-restraint. He possessed the poorest cell, and his food was very simple and minimal. From the monastery’s daily tasks, the venerable one chose the most arduous: he cut and carried wood, and he dug and watered the garden. That which distinguished him, however, was his love for the liturgical life of the Church and for the divine services.

The venerable one foretold his own death. He offered his final prayer, blessed his brethren, and fell asleep in peace in the year 1477.

Apolytikion (Troparion), Tone 4

By the radiance of thy life thou didst enlighten thy fatherland; in prayers and fasts thou wast filled with the gifts of the Divine Spirit. And having struggled well in this temporal life, thou didst open tender mercies to all the sorrowing and wast a defender of the poor. Wherefore, we pray thee, O Father Paphnutius, pray to Christ God that He may save our souls.

Kontakion, Tone Plagal 4 (8)

Enlightened by divine effulgence, O Father, thou didst acquire an ascetic way of life, O venerable one, a most good instructor for monks and a fair adornment of ascetics. Wherefore, the Lord, seeing thy labours, enriched thee with the gift of miracles, for thou dost pour forth healings. And we, rejoicing, cry out to thee: Rejoice, Father Paphnutius!

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Holy Prophet Jeremiah (May 1)

A fresco icon of the Holy Prophet Jeremiah.

The glorious and great Prophet Jeremiah, who prophesied to the people of Israel for forty and one years, was born in Anathoth, where his father Hilkiah was a priest. He distinguished himself as a teacher of love, instructing his fellow countrymen to extinguish the hatred nesting within their hearts and to extend their love even towards their enemies—namely the Chaldeans—to whom he recommended submission in order to avoid the horrors of war. Misunderstood and persecuted as a traitor to his country, he was vindicated by the subsequent capture of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar, which fulfilled his prophecies. He survived the destruction of Jerusalem, over which he wrote his poignant lamentations. Thereafter, he fled to Taphnas in Egypt, where the Egyptians honoured him exceedingly, but he was wickedly put to death by stoning at the hands of his own countrymen.

By his holy intercessions, O Christ God, have mercy upon us and save us. Amen.

Apolytikion (Troparion) of the Prophet, Tone 2

As we celebrate the memory of thy Prophet Jeremiah, O Lord, through his intercessions we beseech Thee: save our souls.

Kontakion, Tone 3

Having purified thy radiant heart in spirit, O great prophet and martyr, O glorious Jeremiah, thou didst receive the gift of prophecy from on high, and didst cry aloud in the lands: Behold, our God, and no other shall be added unto Him, Who, being incarnate, hath appeared on earth.

Megalynarion

Let us extol with hymns the wise prophet-martyr Jeremiah, who was sanctified from his mother’s womb and lamented the fall of the people of the Lord.

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Holy New Martyr Mary (Maria) of Crete (May 1)

A beautiful sketch icon of the Holy New Martyr Maria (Mary) of Crete being crowned by two angels with a heavenly crown.

CELEBRATED MAY 1st

The fair-virgin New Martyr of the Faith, Maria, surnamed Methymopoula,1 was born in Kato Fourni2 of Meramvellou, Crete, of pious and honourable parents. A certain Turko-Albanian gendarme3 became enamoured of this most chaste maiden, and he exerted every effort to entice her into his abominable lust. Yet, the more he strove, the more the blessed Maria spurned him, regarding him as a repulsive demon and a villain. Therefore, unable to entice her, the impious and bloodthirsty descendant of Hagar resolved to punish her and wickedly put her to death; which indeed he accomplished by means of the arms he bore as a gendarme. Finding Maria one day upon a mulberry tree4 gathering leaves for the nourishment of silkworms, he fired upon her and mortally struck her in the heart. Thus did the all-beautiful bride of the Lord receive the crown of the contest, and, crowned, she departed to meet her longed-for Bridegroom in the heavenly bridal chamber.

Apolytikion (Troparion) – Tone Plagal 1 (Tone 5)

Thou didst keep well the Faith of the Trinity, and faithfully inscribing it with thy blood, thou didst escape all the snares of the enemy. Wherefore, thou didst contest steadfastly as a glorious virgin, O New Martyr Maria. Therefore we all honour thee, beseeching thine intercessions.

Kontakion – Plagal 4 (Tone 8)

Let us crown with melodies and songs the comely virgin among Christ’s steadfast ewe-lambs, Maria the Prize-bearer, who blossomed forth from Crete like a most fragrant flower; and as unto a most sweet garden of virgin maidens let us cry aloud: Rejoice, O newly-contesting Martyr.


1 The name means “the daughter of Methymakis.” It is derived from her father’s surname. In Crete, she is known as Maria Methymakis.

2 Literally “Lower Fourni.” A village in the Lasithi region of Crete, historically known for silk farming.

3 Hellenic: Chorophylax (Χωροφύλαξ). Literally, a “guard of the countryside.” An armed rural constable in the service of the Ottoman occupation.

4 The women of this region would physically climb into the sturdy boughs of the white mulberry trees to harvest sackfuls of leaves.



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Saint Batas of Persia (May 1)

The Passion of the Holy Hieromartyr Batas (+ 4th c.)1

Commemorated on the First of May

The Holy Hieromartyr Batas was from Persia. His ancestors were Christians, and he himself was raised in the Christian faith. Having reached the age of thirty, he left his father, mother, wife, and children, distributed his possessions to the poor, and, departing from his parental home, embraced the monastic life. Striving zealously in the monastic life, he desired to end his life by a martyr’s death. At that time, a persecution was raised against Christians, and when all the monks from that monastery where the saint was struggling had fled, he alone remained. Soon he was seized and brought for judgment before the governor of the city of Nisibis. The latter began to compel him to renounce Christ and worship the sun and fire, but the saint did not obey him, and boldly confessed Christ as the true God. For this, they bound his arms in such a way that from the intense strain, they were dislocated from their shoulder joints. After this, they began to drag the saint along the ground, all the while beating him over his entire body. The holy martyr, after all these torments, reposed for his faith in Christ, being beheaded by the sword.

Footnotes

1 Translated from St. Demetrius of Rostov, Lives of the Saints in Russian (1902-1916 ed.).

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St. Isidora the Fool for Christ of Egypt (May 1)

Our Venerable Mother Isidora, Fool for Christ of Egypt (+ c. 365)

Commemorated May 1st

[In one of the women’s monasteries of Tabenna1 in Egypt], there was a certain virgin named Isidora. For Christ’s sake, she presented herself as a fool and one who was mad, having chosen this path of ascetic struggle out of her rare humility and self-abasement. The others held her in such contempt that they would not even eat with her, a thing which she accepted with joy. Serving in the kitchen, she fulfilled every obedience for all the sisters, like a submissive slave, ready for any service. This blessed one was, as it is said, the offscouring of the monastery and fulfilled in deed that which is written in the Holy Gospel: “Whosoever will be chief among you, let him be a slave unto all and a servant unto all” (cf. Matthew 20:26; Mark 10:43); and also: “If any man among you seemeth to be wise in this world, let him become a fool, that he may be wise” (1 Corinthians 3:18).

While the other virgins, having been tonsured, wore the koukoulion2 on their heads, her head was always covered with a ragged cloth. Out of four hundred sisters, not one ever saw her eating. She never sat at the trapeza,3 nor did she ever take for herself even a slice of bread, but was content with the crumbs she gathered from the floor after the meal, and with the dregs she washed from the vessels. She never wore shoes and, despite all the reproaches, abuse, and scorn that many directed at her, she never offended anyone nor showed the slightest murmur of complaint.

An angel appeared to the holy hermit Pitirim,4 a man renowned for his spiritual struggles who lived in Porphyrites,5 and said of the venerable Isidora: “Why do you pride yourself on your ascetic feats, as though you were truly pious, living in such a place? Do you wish to see a woman more pious than you? Go to the women’s Tabennese monastery and there you will find one who wears a cloth on her head—she is better than you. For she struggles amidst such a multitude, serves everyone in various ways and, though all despise her, in her heart she never departs from God. But you, sitting here having never lived in the world, allow your mind to wander through the cities.”

Rising from his place, the great Pitirim went to the Tabennese monastery and asked the superiors there to escort him to the women’s community. Having crossed the river, they received him with joy, as a man renowned among the fathers and who had reached a great age in his ascetic labours. When they had prayed, the great one expressed his wish to see all the sisters in person. All of them gathered, but one, Isidora, did not come. The holy Pitirim said, “Bring me all of them.”

When they answered him, “We are all here,” he said, “There is one missing whom the angel showed to me.”

Then they said, “We have one who is mad—she is in the kitchen.”

“Bring her also,” said the great one, “let me look upon her.”

They went to call her. But Isidora, understanding the matter, did not obey; perhaps she too had received a revelation. They brought her by force, saying, “The holy Pitirim wishes to see you.” For his name was famous.

When they had brought her, the great one saw her face and the ragged cloth on her head. He fell at her feet and said, “Bless me, Mother.”

And she, likewise falling at his feet, said, “You bless me, my lord!”

Seeing this, all were astounded and began to exclaim, “Abba! Do not shame yourself: she is mad!”

“You are the ones who are mad,” the holy elder replied, “for she is better than you and me—she is our mother, and I pray that I may be found equal to her on the Day of Judgement.”

Hearing this, they all fell at his feet with weeping, confessing how greatly they had grieved this holy one. One said, “I always laughed at her.” Another, “I mocked her humble appearance.” Another said, “I insulted her, while she remained silent.” And another, “I often poured slops on her.” One said, “I beat her.” Another, “I struck her with my fist.” In short, all of them confessed to some offence they had committed against her.

Having accepted their repentance, the holy Pitirim prayed for them together with her, and after greatly consoling the venerable handmaiden of Christ, he departed from the convent.

A few days later, this blessed one, unable to endure the glory, honour, and services which all the sisters began to offer her, and burdened by their apologies, secretly departed from the monastery. Where she went, where she hid herself, and where she reposed, no one knows to this day. Thus did this valiant, humble-minded, and blessed virgin struggle.

Troparion, Tone 3

Desiring the beauty of Christ, O thrice-blessed Mother, thou didst choose the swift way that leadeth unto Him, even that of humility. Wherefore, He revealed thee as a teacher of monastics and a paragon of imitation of Him. Therefore, with joy we cry aloud to thee: Rejoice, O all-blessed Isidora!

Kontakion, Tone 2

Yearning to attain the abode on high, O Mother, thou didst choose the swift path of humility, through which thou wast led to Christ as a glorious and pleasing fruit, O all-hymned Isidora, receiving incorruptible rewards.

Endnotes

1 Also known as Tabennisi, this was the site in Upper Egypt where St. Pachomius the Great founded the first coenobitic (i.e., communal) monastery in the early 4th century, establishing a new model for the monastic life.

2 Koukoulion: This is the traditional head-covering worn by Orthodox monastics of the “Great Schema,” the highest degree of monasticism. It typically veils the head, neck, shoulders, and upper back.

3 Trapeza: (Greek: τράπεζα, literally ‘table’). The term for the refectory, or dining hall, in an Orthodox monastery where the monastics share their common meal.

4 St. Pitirim (Pitiroun) of Egypt: A disciple of St. Anthony the Great, St. Pitirim is celebrated on November 29th.

5 A desert region and monastic settlement in Egypt, located near the Red Sea. Its name is derived from the porphyry quarries in the area.

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Saint Philosophos of Alexandria (May 1)

The Holy Martyr Philosophos, Perfected by the Sword (+ 252)1

Commemorated on the First of May

O Philosophos, blessed in name and in deed,

Thou hast truly proven thyself a friend of wisdom.

This great martyr of Christ, Philosophos, was from the region of Alexandria, as was related concerning him by Anthony the Great among ascetics. He completed his martyrdom in the following way.

There was in Alexandria a most beautiful garden, full of delight and sensory charm. Into this garden the tyrant of that time commanded that an adorned couch be placed. Upon it, they laid this holy Philosophos on his back, and bound his hands and feet. Then they brought in a prostitute, who went to the saint. Not only did she attempt to incite the saint to a shameful act with indecent words, but she also embraced him with her defiled hands, and kissed him, and shamelessly touched him.

But the most noble combatant of the Lord, though he was bound, still found a way and a means to save himself from the snares of the prostitute. For first, he closed his eyes so that he would not see her. Then, he bit down upon his tongue with his teeth, and with the unbearable pain he experienced from biting his tongue, he caused the other senses of his body to remain insensible to pleasure. Then, filling his mouth with blood, he spat it upon the face and the garments of the unclean and defiled prostitute, who, seeing the blood flowing like a river, became frightened and drew back.

Having struggled in this manner, the one of great soul was not vanquished, but was victorious; he was preserved passionless by the grace of Christ. For this, he was later beheaded and departed as a crown-bearer to the heavens, where he rejoices with a joy that is eternal and ineffable.2

Footnotes

1 This Life is translated from The Synaxaristes of the Twelve Months of the Year, 3rd Edition, Athens, 1868.

2 The 1868 Synaxaristes includes the following editor’s note for its entry on St. Philosophos: This narrative is also found in the manuscript of the Paradise of the Fathers. In the Synaxaristes of the holy monastery of Dionysiou, the new Coenobium on Mount Athos, this Philosophos is named Justin. The words of Chrysostom, with which he praises the true philosopher, are fitting for this Philosophos: “For what,” he says, “is proper to a philosopher? Is it not to look down on money and glory, and to be superior to envy and every passion? … Such is the philosopher, such is his wealth: he has nothing, and yet he has all things; he has all things, and yet he has nothing.” (Homily 21 on the Epistle to the Ephesians). And Gregory the Theologian also said: “There is a plant in fable that flourishes when it is cut and strives against the blade; and, if one may speak paradoxically of a paradoxical thing, it lives by death, grows by being cut, and increases by being consumed. These things belong to myth and the autonomy of fiction; but to me, it seems the philosopher is clearly such a thing: he thrives in his sufferings, makes his afflictions the material of virtue, and is adorned by their opposites, neither being lifted up by the ‘weapons of righteousness on the right hand’, nor being bent by those ‘on the left’ (cf. 2 Corinthians 6:7), but remains the same man, though not always in the same circumstances; or rather, he is found to be even more proven, like gold in a furnace.” (Oration upon his return from the country). The martyr of Christ Niketas, who suffered under Decius, performed a similar deed. For he too was placed and bound upon a couch and was incited to carnal desire by a prostitute. Therefore, to escape the pleasure, he severed his tongue with his teeth and spat it in the prostitute’s face, as is recounted by Nikephoros [the 14th-century Church historian]. And thus he was victorious, the one who was truly true to his name (“Niketas” derives from nikē, the Greek word for “victory”). See also the eighth chapter of the Politikon Theatron (a 17th-century Greek moral anthology).

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